// type_traits standard header
#ifndef _TYPE_TRAITS_
#define _TYPE_TRAITS_
#include <xstddef>

	// COMPILER SUPPORT MACROS

 #if 1400 <= _MSC_VER || __EDG_TYPE_TRAITS_ENABLED
		// VC++ V11 SUPPORT
  #define _IS_BASE_OF(_Base, _Der)	\
	: _Cat_base<__is_base_of(_Base, _Der)>
  #define _IS_CONVERTIBLE(_From, _To)	\
	: _Cat_base<is_void<_From>::value && is_void<_To>::value \
		|| __is_convertible_to(_From, _To)>
  #define _IS_UNION(_Ty)	\
	: _Cat_base<__is_union(_Ty)>
  #define _IS_CLASS(_Ty)	\
	: _Cat_base<__is_class(_Ty)>
  #define _IS_POD(_Ty)	\
	: _Cat_base<is_scalar<_Ty>::value \
		|| __has_trivial_constructor(_Ty) && __is_pod(_Ty)>
  #define _IS_EMPTY(_Ty)	\
	: _Cat_base<__is_empty(_Ty)>
  #define _IS_POLYMORPHIC(_Ty)	\
	: _Cat_base<__is_polymorphic(_Ty)>
  #define _IS_ABSTRACT(_Ty)	\
	: _Cat_base<__is_abstract(_Ty)>
  #define _IS_STANDARD_LAYOUT(_Ty)	\
	: _Cat_base<__is_standard_layout(_Ty)>
  #define _IS_TRIVIAL(_Ty)	\
	: _Cat_base<!is_reference<_Ty>::value && __is_trivial(_Ty)>

  #define _HAS_TRIVIAL_CONSTRUCTOR(_Ty)	\
	: _Cat_base<is_pod<_Ty>::value \
		|| !is_array<_Ty>::value \
			&& __has_trivial_constructor(_Ty)>
  #define _HAS_TRIVIAL_COPY(_Ty)	\
	: _Cat_base<!is_array<_Ty>::value \
		&& (is_pod<typename remove_reference<_Ty>::type>::value \
			|| __is_trivially_copyable(typename remove_reference<_Ty>::type))>
  #define _HAS_TRIVIAL_MOVE_CONSTRUCTOR(_Ty)	\
	: _Cat_base<!is_array<_Ty>::value \
		&& (is_pod<typename remove_reference<_Ty>::type>::value \
			|| __has_trivial_move_constructor( \
				typename remove_reference<_Ty>::type))>
  #define _HAS_TRIVIAL_ASSIGN(_Ty)	\
	: _Cat_base<!is_array<_Ty>::value \
		&& (is_pod<typename remove_reference<_Ty>::type>::value \
			|| __has_trivial_assign(typename remove_reference<_Ty>::type))>
  #define _HAS_TRIVIAL_MOVE_ASSIGN(_Ty)	\
	: _Cat_base<!is_array<_Ty>::value \
		&& (is_pod<typename remove_reference<_Ty>::type>::value \
			|| __has_trivial_move_assign(typename remove_reference<_Ty>::type))>
  #define _HAS_TRIVIAL_DESTRUCTOR(_Ty)	\
	: _Cat_base<is_pod<typename remove_reference<_Ty>::type>::value \
		|| __has_trivial_destructor(typename remove_reference<_Ty>::type)>

  #define _HAS_NOTHROW_CONSTRUCTOR(_Ty)	\
	: _Cat_base<is_pod<_Ty>::value \
		|| __has_nothrow_constructor(_Ty)>
  #define _HAS_NOTHROW_COPY(_Ty)	\
	: _Cat_base<!is_array<_Ty>::value \
		&& (is_pod<typename remove_reference<_Ty>::type>::value \
			|| __has_nothrow_copy(typename remove_reference<_Ty>::type))>
  #define _HAS_NOTHROW_ASSIGN(_Ty)	\
	: _Cat_base<!is_array<_Ty>::value \
		&& (is_pod<typename remove_reference<_Ty>::type>::value \
			|| __has_nothrow_assign(typename remove_reference<_Ty>::type))>
  #define _HAS_NOTHROW_MOVE_ASSIGN(_Ty)	\
	: _Cat_base<!is_array<_Ty>::value \
		&& (is_pod<typename remove_reference<_Ty>::type>::value \
			|| __has_nothrow_move_assign( \
				typename remove_reference<_Ty>::type))>
  #define _HAS_VIRTUAL_DESTRUCTOR(_Ty)	\
	: _Cat_base<__has_virtual_destructor(_Ty)>

  #define _UNDERLYING_TYPE(_Ty)	\
	__underlying_type(_Ty)
  #define _IS_LITERAL_TYPE(_Ty)	\
	: _Cat_base<is_scalar<_Ty>::value || __is_literal_type(_Ty)>
  #define _IS_DESTRUCTIBLE(_Ty) \
	: _Cat_base<!is_function<_Ty>::value> // APPROXIMATION

// optional
// _ALIGN_OF(_Ty)
  #define _IS_ENUM(_Ty)	\
	: _Cat_base<__is_enum(_Ty)>
//  #define _IS_CONSTRUCTIBLE	\
//	__is_constructible
//  #define _IS_NOTHROW_CONSTRUCTIBLE	\
//	__is_nothrow_constructible
// _IS_TRIVIALLY_CONSTRUCTIBLE(_Ty, _Args...)

 #else /* 1400 <= _MSC_VER || __EDG_TYPE_TRAITS_ENABLED */

  #if _GCC0X
		// GCC SUPPORT
  #define _IS_BASE_OF(_Base, _Der)	\
	: _Cat_base<__is_base_of(_Base, _Der)>
//  #define _IS_CONVERTIBLE(_From, _To)	\
//	: _Cat_base<is_void<_From>::value && is_void<_To>::value \
//		|| _Is_convertible<_From, _To,\
//			!is_void<_From>::value && !is_function<_From>::value>::value>
  #define _IS_UNION(_Ty)	\
	: _Cat_base<__is_union(_Ty)>
  #define _IS_CLASS(_Ty)	\
	: _Cat_base<__is_class(_Ty)>
  #define _IS_POD(_Ty)	\
	: _Cat_base<is_scalar<_Ty>::value \
		|| __is_pod(_Ty)>
  #define _IS_EMPTY(_Ty)	\
	: _Cat_base<__is_empty(_Ty)>
  #define _IS_POLYMORPHIC(_Ty)	\
	: _Cat_base<__is_polymorphic(_Ty)>
  #define _IS_ABSTRACT(_Ty)	\
	: _Cat_base<__is_abstract(_Ty)>

 #if 4 < __GNUC__ || 4 == __GNUC__ && 5 <= __GNUC_MINOR__
  #define _IS_STANDARD_LAYOUT(_Ty)	\
	: _Cat_base<__is_standard_layout(_Ty)>
  #define _IS_TRIVIAL(_Ty)	\
	: _Cat_base<__is_trivial(_Ty)>

 #else /* 4 < __GNUC__ etc. */
  #define _IS_STANDARD_LAYOUT(_Ty)	\
	: is_pod<_Ty>
  #define _IS_TRIVIAL(_Ty)	\
	: is_pod<_Ty>
 #endif /* 4 < __GNUC__ etc. */

  #define _HAS_TRIVIAL_CONSTRUCTOR(_Ty)	\
	: _Cat_base<is_pod<_Ty>::value \
		|| !is_array<_Ty>::value \
			&& __has_trivial_constructor(_Ty)>
  #define _HAS_TRIVIAL_COPY(_Ty)	\
	: _Cat_base<!is_array<_Ty>::value \
			&& __has_trivial_copy(_Ty)>
  #define _HAS_TRIVIAL_MOVE_CONSTRUCTOR(_Ty)	\
	: _Cat_base<!is_array<_Ty>::value \
		&& is_trivially_constructible< \
			typename remove_volatile<_Ty>::type, \
			typename add_rvalue_reference< \
				typename remove_volatile<_Ty>::type>::type>::value>
  #define _HAS_TRIVIAL_ASSIGN(_Ty)	\
	: _Cat_base<!is_array<_Ty>::value \
		&& (is_pod<typename remove_reference<_Ty>::type>::value \
			|| __has_trivial_assign(typename remove_reference<_Ty>::type))>
  #define _HAS_TRIVIAL_MOVE_ASSIGN(_Ty)	\
	: is_trivially_assignable<typename add_lvalue_reference< \
			typename remove_volatile<_Ty>::type>::type, \
		typename add_rvalue_reference< \
			typename remove_volatile<_Ty>::type>::type>::type
  #define _HAS_TRIVIAL_DESTRUCTOR(_Ty)	\
	: _Cat_base<is_pod<_Ty>::value || __has_trivial_destructor(_Ty)>

  #define _HAS_NOTHROW_CONSTRUCTOR(_Ty)	\
	: _Cat_base<__has_nothrow_constructor(_Ty)>
  #define _HAS_NOTHROW_COPY(_Ty)	\
	: _Cat_base<!is_array<_Ty>::value \
		&& (is_pod<typename remove_reference<_Ty>::type>::value \
			|| __has_nothrow_copy(typename remove_reference<_Ty>::type))>
  #define _HAS_NOTHROW_ASSIGN(_Ty)	\
	: _Cat_base<!is_array<_Ty>::value \
		&& (is_pod<typename remove_reference<_Ty>::type>::value \
			|| __has_nothrow_assign(typename remove_reference<_Ty>::type))>
  #define _HAS_NOTHROW_MOVE_ASSIGN(_Ty)	\
	: is_nothrow_assignable<typename add_lvalue_reference< \
			typename remove_volatile<_Ty>::type>::type, \
		typename add_rvalue_reference< \
			typename remove_volatile<_Ty>::type>::type>::type
  #define _HAS_VIRTUAL_DESTRUCTOR(_Ty)	\
	: _Cat_base<__has_virtual_destructor(_Ty)>

  #define _UNDERLYING_TYPE(_Ty)	int

 #if _GCC48
  #define _IS_LITERAL_TYPE(_Ty)	\
	: _Cat_base<__is_literal_type(_Ty)>

 #else /* GCC48 */
  #define _IS_LITERAL_TYPE(_Ty)	\
	: _Cat_base<is_scalar<_Ty>::value>
 #endif /* GCC48 */

// optional
  #define _ALIGN_OF(_Ty)	\
	__alignof__(_Ty)
  #define _IS_ENUM(_Ty)		\
	: _Cat_base<__is_enum(_Ty)>
// _IS_CONSTRUCTIBLE(_Ty, _Args...)
// _IS_NOTHROW_CONSTRUCTIBLE(_Ty, _Args...)
// _IS_TRIVIALLY_CONSTRUCTIBLE(_Ty, _Args...)

  #else /* _GCC0X */
		// NO SUPPPORT, APPROXIMATION
  #define _IS_BASE_OF(_Base, _Der)	\
	: _Cat_base<is_convertible<_Der *, _Base *>::value>
//  #define _IS_CONVERTIBLE(_From, _To)	\
//	: _Cat_base<is_void<_From>::value && is_void<_To>::value \
//		|| _Is_convertible<_From, _To,\
//			!is_void<_From>::value && !is_function<_From>::value>::value>
  #define _IS_UNION(_Ty)	\
	: false_type
  #define _IS_CLASS(_Ty)	\
	: false_type
  #define _IS_POD(_Ty)	\
	: _Cat_base<is_scalar<_Ty>::value>
  #define _IS_EMPTY(_Ty)	\
	: false_type
  #define _IS_POLYMORPHIC(_Ty)	\
	: false_type
  #define _IS_ABSTRACT(_Ty)	\
	: false_type
  #define _IS_STANDARD_LAYOUT(_Ty)	\
	: is_pod<_Ty>
  #define _IS_TRIVIAL(_Ty)	\
	: is_pod<_Ty>

  #define _HAS_TRIVIAL_CONSTRUCTOR(_Ty)	\
	: is_pod<_Ty>
  #define _HAS_TRIVIAL_COPY(_Ty)	\
	: is_pod<_Ty>
  #define _HAS_TRIVIAL_MOVE_CONSTRUCTOR(_Ty)	\
	: false_type
  #define _HAS_TRIVIAL_ASSIGN(_Ty)	\
	: is_pod<_Ty>
  #define _HAS_TRIVIAL_MOVE_ASSIGN(_Ty)	\
	: false_type
  #define _HAS_TRIVIAL_DESTRUCTOR(_Ty)	\
	: _Cat_base<!is_void<_Ty>::value && is_pod<_Ty>::value>

  #define _HAS_NOTHROW_CONSTRUCTOR(_Ty)	\
	: is_pod<_Ty>
  #define _HAS_NOTHROW_COPY(_Ty)	\
	: is_pod<_Ty>
  #define _HAS_NOTHROW_ASSIGN(_Ty)	\
	: is_pod<_Ty>
  #define _HAS_NOTHROW_MOVE_ASSIGN(_Ty)	\
	: false_type
  #define _HAS_VIRTUAL_DESTRUCTOR(_Ty)	\
	: false_type

  #define _UNDERLYING_TYPE(_Ty)	int
  #define _IS_LITERAL_TYPE(_Ty)	\
	: false_type

// optional
// _ALIGN_OF(_Ty)
// _IS_ENUM(_Ty)
// _IS_CONSTRUCTIBLE(_Ty, _Args...)
// _IS_NOTHROW_CONSTRUCTIBLE(_Ty, _Args...)
// _IS_TRIVIALLY_CONSTRUCTIBLE(_Ty, _Args...)
  #endif /* _GCC0X */

		// ADDITIONAL INTRINSICS
// _IS_ASSIGNABLE(_To, _From)

 #ifndef _IS_DESTRUCTIBLE
	#define _IS_DESTRUCTIBLE(_Ty) \
		: true_type	// APPROXIMATION
 #endif /* _IS_DESTRUCTIBLE */

// _IS_NOTHROW_ASSIGNABLE(_To, _From)
// _IS_NOTHROW_DESTRUCTIBLE(_Ty)

// _IS_TRIVIALLY_ASSIGNABLE(_To, _From)
// _IS_TRIVIALLY_DESTRUCTIBLE(_Ty)
 #endif /* 1400 <= _MSC_VER etc. */

_STD_BEGIN
	// TEMPLATE CLASS _Ptr_traits
template<class _Ty>
	struct _Ptr_traits
	{	// basic definition
	};

template<class _Ty>
	struct _Ptr_traits<_Ty *>
	{	// pointer properties
	static const bool _Is_const = false;
	static const bool _Is_volatile = false;
	};

template<class _Ty>
	struct _Ptr_traits<const _Ty *>
	{	// pointer to const properties
	static const bool _Is_const = true;
	static const bool _Is_volatile = false;
	};

template<class _Ty>
	struct _Ptr_traits<volatile _Ty *>
	{	// pointer to volatile properties
	static const bool _Is_const = false;
	static const bool _Is_volatile = true;
	};

template<class _Ty>
	struct _Ptr_traits<const volatile _Ty *>
	{	// pointer to const volatile properties
	static const bool _Is_const = true;
	static const bool _Is_volatile = true;
	};

template<class _Ty>
	struct _Is_memfunptr
	{	// base class for member function pointer predicates
	typedef false_type _Bool_type;
	};

#define _IS_MEMFUNPTR(CALL_OPT, CV_OPT, REF_OPT) \
template<class _Ret, \
	class _Arg0, \
	class... _Types> \
	struct _Is_memfunptr<_Ret (CALL_OPT _Arg0::*)(_Types...) CV_OPT REF_OPT> \
		: _Arg_types<CV_OPT _Arg0 *, _Types...> \
	{	/* base class for member function pointer predicates */ \
	typedef true_type _Bool_type; \
	typedef _Ret result_type; \
	typedef _Arg0 _Class_type; \
	};

_MEMBER_CALL_CV_REF(_IS_MEMFUNPTR)
#undef _IS_MEMFUNPTR

#define _IS_MEMFUNPTR_ELLIPSIS(CV_OPT, REF_OPT) \
template<class _Ret, \
	class _Arg0, \
	class... _Types> \
	struct _Is_memfunptr<_Ret (_Arg0::*)(_Types..., ...) CV_OPT REF_OPT> \
	{	/* no calling conventions for ellipsis */ \
	typedef true_type _Bool_type; \
	typedef _Ret result_type; \
	typedef _Arg0 _Class_type; \
	};

_CLASS_DEFINE_CV_REF(_IS_MEMFUNPTR_ELLIPSIS)
#undef _IS_MEMFUNPTR_ELLIPSIS

	// Type modifiers
	// TEMPLATE CLASS add_const
template<class _Ty>
	struct add_const
	{	// add top level const qualifier
	typedef const _Ty type;
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS add_volatile
template<class _Ty>
	struct add_volatile
	{	// add top level volatile qualifier
	typedef volatile _Ty type;
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS add_cv
template<class _Ty>
	struct add_cv
	{	// add top level const and volatile qualifiers
	typedef const volatile _Ty type;
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS add_lvalue_reference
template<class _Ty>
	struct add_lvalue_reference
	{	// add lvalue reference
	typedef _Ty& type;
	};

#define _ADD_LVALUE_REFERENCE_VOID(CV_OPT) \
template<> \
	struct add_lvalue_reference<CV_OPT void> \
	{	/* add lvalue reference */ \
	typedef CV_OPT void type; \
	};

_CLASS_DEFINE_CV(_ADD_LVALUE_REFERENCE_VOID)
#undef _ADD_LVALUE_REFERENCE_VOID

	// TEMPLATE CLASS add_rvalue_reference
template<class _Ty>
	struct add_rvalue_reference
	{	// add rvalue reference
	typedef typename remove_reference<_Ty>::type _REFREF type;
	};

template<class _Ty>
	struct add_rvalue_reference<_Ty&>
	{	// add rvalue reference
	typedef _Ty& type;
	};

#define _ADD_RVALUE_REFERENCE_VOID(CV_OPT) \
template<> \
	struct add_rvalue_reference<CV_OPT void> \
	{	/* add rvalue reference */ \
	typedef CV_OPT void type; \
	};

_CLASS_DEFINE_CV(_ADD_RVALUE_REFERENCE_VOID)
#undef _ADD_RVALUE_REFERENCE_VOID

	// TEMPLATE FUNCTION declval
template<class _Ty>
	typename add_rvalue_reference<_Ty>::type
		declval() _NOEXCEPT;

	// TEMPLATE CLASS remove_extent
template<class _Ty>
	struct remove_extent
	{	// remove array extent
	typedef _Ty type;
	};

template<class _Ty, size_t _Ix>
	struct remove_extent<_Ty[_Ix]>
	{	// remove array extent
	typedef _Ty type;
	};

template<class _Ty>
	struct remove_extent<_Ty[]>
	{	// remove array extent
	typedef _Ty type;
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS remove_all_extents
template<class _Ty>
	struct remove_all_extents
	{	// remove all array extents
	typedef _Ty type;
	};

template<class _Ty, size_t _Ix>
	struct remove_all_extents<_Ty[_Ix]>
	{	// remove all array extents
	typedef typename remove_all_extents<_Ty>::type type;
	};

template<class _Ty>
	struct remove_all_extents<_Ty[]>
	{	// remove all array extents
	typedef typename remove_all_extents<_Ty>::type type;
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS remove_pointer
template<class _Ty>
	struct remove_pointer
	{	// remove pointer
	typedef _Ty type;
	};

#define _REMOVE_POINTER(CV_OPT) \
template<class _Ty> \
	struct remove_pointer<_Ty *CV_OPT> \
	{	/* remove pointer */ \
	typedef _Ty type; \
	};

_CLASS_DEFINE_CV(_REMOVE_POINTER)
#undef _REMOVE_POINTER

	// TEMPLATE CLASS add_pointer
template<class _Ty>
	struct add_pointer
	{	// add pointer
	typedef typename remove_reference<_Ty>::type *type;
	};

	// TYPE PREDICATES
	// TEMPLATE CLASS is_void
template<class _Ty>
	struct _Is_void
		: false_type
	{	// determine whether _Ty is void
	};

template<>
	struct _Is_void<void>
		: true_type
	{	// determine whether _Ty is void
	};

template<class _Ty>
	struct is_void
		: _Is_void<typename remove_cv<_Ty>::type>
	{	// determine whether _Ty is void
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS is_array
template<class _Ty>
	struct is_array
		: false_type
	{	// determine whether _Ty is an array
	};

template<class _Ty, size_t _Nx>
	struct is_array<_Ty[_Nx]>
		: true_type
	{	// determine whether _Ty is an array
	};

template<class _Ty>
	struct is_array<_Ty[]>
		: true_type
	{	// determine whether _Ty is an array
	};

 #if _HAS_CPP0X
	// TEMPLATE CLASS is_lvalue_reference
template<class _Ty>
	struct is_lvalue_reference
		: false_type
	{	// determine whether _Ty is an lvalue reference
	};

template<class _Ty>
	struct is_lvalue_reference<_Ty&>
		: true_type
	{	// determine whether _Ty is an lvalue reference
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS is_rvalue_reference
template<class _Ty>
	struct is_rvalue_reference
		: false_type
	{	// determine whether _Ty is an rvalue reference
	};

template<class _Ty>
	struct is_rvalue_reference<_Ty&&>
		: true_type
	{	// determine whether _Ty is an rvalue reference
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS is_reference
template<class _Ty>
	struct is_reference
		: _Cat_base<is_lvalue_reference<_Ty>::value
		|| is_rvalue_reference<_Ty>::value>
	{	// determine whether _Ty is a reference
	};

 #else /* _HAS_CPP0X */
	// TEMPLATE CLASS is_reference
template<class _Ty>
	struct is_reference
		: false_type
	{	// determine whether _Ty is a reference
	};

template<class _Ty>
	struct is_reference<_Ty&>
		: true_type
	{	// determine whether _Ty is a reference
	};
 #endif /* _HAS_CPP0X */

	// TEMPLATE CLASS is_member_object_pointer
template<class _Ty,
	bool _Pmf = _Is_memfunptr<_Ty>::_Bool_type::value>
	struct _Is_member_object_pointer
		: false_type
	{	// determine whether _Ty is a pointer to member object
	};

template<class _Ty1,
	class _Ty2>
	struct _Is_member_object_pointer<_Ty1 _Ty2::*, false>
		: true_type
	{	// determine whether _Ty is a pointer to member object
	typedef _Ty2 _Class_type;
	};

template<class _Ty>
	struct is_member_object_pointer
		: _Is_member_object_pointer<typename remove_cv<_Ty>::type>::type
	{	// determine whether _Ty is a pointer to member object
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS is_member_function_pointer
template<class _Ty>
	struct is_member_function_pointer
		: _Is_memfunptr<typename remove_cv<_Ty>::type>::_Bool_type
	{	// determine whether _Ty is a pointer to member function
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS is_pointer
template<class _Ty>
	struct _Is_pointer
		: false_type
	{	// determine whether _Ty is a pointer
	};

template<class _Ty>
	struct _Is_pointer<_Ty *>
		: _Cat_base<!is_member_object_pointer<_Ty *>::value
		&& !is_member_function_pointer<_Ty *>::value>
	{	// determine whether _Ty is a pointer
	};

template<class _Ty>
	struct is_pointer
		: _Is_pointer<typename remove_cv<_Ty>::type>
	{	// determine whether _Ty is a pointer
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS is_null_pointer

 #if _HAS_NULLPTR_T
template<class _Ty>
	struct is_null_pointer
		: _Cat_base<is_same<typename remove_cv<_Ty>::type, nullptr_t>::value>
	{	// determine whether _Ty is nullptr_t
	};

 #else /* _HAS_NULLPTR_T */
template<class _Ty>
	struct is_null_pointer
		: false_type
	{	// determine whether _Ty is nullptr_t
	};
 #endif /* _HAS_NULLPTR_T */

	// TEMPLATE CLASS is_union
template<class _Ty>
	struct is_union _IS_UNION(_Ty)
	{	// determine whether _Ty is a union
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS is_class
template<class _Ty>
	struct is_class _IS_CLASS(_Ty)
	{	// determine whether _Ty is a class
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS is_fundamental
template<class _Ty>
	struct is_fundamental
		: _Cat_base<is_arithmetic<_Ty>::value
		|| is_void<_Ty>::value
		|| is_null_pointer<_Ty>::value>
	{	// determine whether _Ty is a fundamental type
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS is_object
template<class _Ty>
	struct is_object
		: _Cat_base<!is_function<_Ty>::value
		&& !is_reference<_Ty>::value
		&& !is_void<_Ty>::value>
	{	// determine whether _Ty is an object type
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS is_convertible
 #ifndef _IS_CONVERTIBLE
		// TEMPLATE STRUCT _Is_convertible
#if !defined(__CODEGEARC__)
  #define _IS_CONVERTIBLE(_From, _To)	\
		: _Cat_base<is_void<_From>::value && is_void<_To>::value \
		|| _Is_convertible< \
			!is_void<_From>::value && !is_function<_From>::value \
				&& !is_void<_To>::value && !is_function<_To>::value, \
			_From, _To>::type::value>
#else
  #define _IS_CONVERTIBLE(_From, _To)	\
		:_Cat_base<__is_convertible_to(_From, _To)>
#endif

template<class _Ty>
	struct decay;

template<bool,
	class _From,
	class _To>
	struct _Is_convertible
		: false_type
	{	// determines whether _From is convertible to _To
	};

template<class _From,
	class _To>
	struct _Is_convertible<true, _From, _To>
	{	// determines whether _From is convertible to _To
	template<class _Ufrom>
		static typename add_rvalue_reference<_Ufrom>::type _Create();

 #if _HAS_DECLTYPE
	template<class _Uto>
		static auto _Fn(int, _Uto)
			-> true_type;
	template<class _Uto>
		static auto _Fn(_Wrap_int, ...)
			-> false_type;

	typedef decltype(_Fn<_To>(0, _Create<_From>())) type;

 #else /* _HAS_DECLTYPE */
	typedef char (&_No)[1];
	typedef char (&_Yes)[2];

	template<class _Uto>
		static _No _Fn(...);

	template<class _Uto>
		static _Yes _Fn(_Uto);

 #if _GHS /* compiler test */
 #pragma ghs nowarning 1934
	typedef typename _Cat_base<sizeof (_Yes)
		== sizeof (_Fn<_To>(_Create<_From>()))>::type type;
 #pragma ghs endnowarning 1934

 #else /* _GHS */
	typedef typename _Cat_base<sizeof (_Yes)
		== sizeof (_Fn<_To>(_Create<_From>()))>::type type;
 #endif /* _GHS */

 #endif /* _HAS_DECLTYPE */
	};
 #endif /* _IS_CONVERTIBLE */

template<class _From,
	class _To>
	struct is_convertible

 #if _CLANG && !defined(__CODEGEARC__)	/* compiler test */
		_IS_CONVERTIBLE(typename remove_volatile<_From>::type,
			typename remove_volatile<_To>::type)

 #else /* _CLANG */
		_IS_CONVERTIBLE(_From, _To)
 #endif /* _CLANG */

	{	// determine whether _From is convertible to _To
	};

 #ifndef _IS_ENUM
		// TEMPLATE STRUCT _Is_composite
template<class _Ty>
	struct _Is_composite
	{	// determines whether _Ty is a struct/class/union
 #if _HAS_DECLTYPE
	template<class _Uty>
		static auto _Fn(int)
			-> typename decltype((const volatile int _Uty::*)0, true_type());
	template<class _Uty>
		static auto _Fn(_Wrap_int)
			-> false_type;

	typedef decltype(_Fn<_Ty>(0)) type;

 #else /* _HAS_DECLTYPE */
	typedef char (&_No)[1];
	typedef char (&_Yes)[2];

	template<class _Uto>
		static _No _Fn(...);

	template<class _Uty>
		static _Yes _Fn(const volatile int _Uty::*);

	typedef typename _Cat_base<
		sizeof (_Yes) == sizeof (_Fn<_Ty>(0))>::type type;
 #endif /* _HAS_DECLTYPE */

	static const bool value = type::value;
	};

template<class _Ty>
	struct _Is_enum
		: _Cat_base<!is_void<_Ty>::value
			&& !is_arithmetic<_Ty>::value
			&& !is_array<_Ty>::value
			&& !_Is_composite<_Ty>::value
			&& is_convertible<_Ty, int>::value>
	{	// determine whether _Ty is an enumerated type
	};

template<class _Ty>
	struct _Is_enum<_Ty&>
		: false_type
	{	// determine whether _Ty is an enumerated type
	};

  #define _IS_ENUM(_Ty)	: _Is_enum<_Ty>
 #endif /* _IS_ENUM */

	// TEMPLATE CLASS is_enum
template<class _Ty>
	struct is_enum
		_IS_ENUM(_Ty)
	{	// determine whether _Ty is an enumerated type
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS is_compound
template<class _Ty>
	struct is_compound
		: _Cat_base<!is_fundamental<_Ty>::value>
	{	// determine whether _Ty is a compound type
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS is_member_pointer
template<class _Ty>
	struct is_member_pointer
		: _Cat_base<is_member_object_pointer<_Ty>::value
		|| is_member_function_pointer<_Ty>::value>
	{	// determine whether _Ty is a pointer to member
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS is_scalar
template<class _Ty>
	struct is_scalar
		: _Cat_base<is_arithmetic<_Ty>::value
		|| is_enum<_Ty>::value
		|| is_pointer<_Ty>::value
		|| is_member_pointer<_Ty>::value
		|| is_null_pointer<_Ty>::value>
	{	// determine whether _Ty is a scalar type
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS is_const
template<class _Ty>
	struct is_const
		: _Cat_base<_Ptr_traits<_Ty *>::_Is_const
		&& !is_function<_Ty>::value>
	{	// determine whether _Ty is const qualified
	};

template<class _Ty, size_t _Nx>
	struct is_const<_Ty[_Nx]>
		: false_type
	{	// determine whether _Ty is const qualified
	};

template<class _Ty, size_t _Nx>
	struct is_const<const _Ty[_Nx]>
		: true_type
	{	// determine whether _Ty is const qualified
	};

template<class _Ty>
	struct is_const<_Ty&>
		: false_type
	{	// determine whether _Ty is const qualified
	};

template<class _Ty>
	struct is_const<_Ty&&>
		: false_type
	{	// determine whether _Ty is const qualified
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS is_volatile
template<class _Ty>
	struct is_volatile
		: _Cat_base<_Ptr_traits<_Ty *>::_Is_volatile
		&& !is_function<_Ty>::value>
	{	// determine whether _Ty is volatile qualified
	};

template<class _Ty>
	struct is_volatile<_Ty&>
		: false_type
	{	// determine whether _Ty is volatile qualified
	};

template<class _Ty>
	struct is_volatile<_Ty&&>
		: false_type
	{	// determine whether _Ty is volatile qualified
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS is_pod
template<class _Ty>
	struct _Is_pod _IS_POD(_Ty)
	{	// determine whether _Ty is a POD type
	};

template<class _Ty>
	struct is_pod
		: _Is_pod<typename remove_all_extents<_Ty>::type>
	{	// determine whether _Ty is a POD type
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS is_empty
template<class _Ty>
	struct is_empty _IS_EMPTY(_Ty)
	{	// determine whether _Ty is an empty class
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS is_polymorphic
template<class _Ty>
	struct is_polymorphic _IS_POLYMORPHIC(_Ty)
	{	// determine whether _Ty is a polymorphic type
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS is_abstract
template<class _Ty>
	struct is_abstract _IS_ABSTRACT(_Ty)
	{	// determine whether _Ty is an abstract class
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS is_standard_layout
template<class _Ty>
	struct is_standard_layout _IS_STANDARD_LAYOUT(_Ty)
	{	// determine whether _Ty is standard layout
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS is_literal_type
template<class _Ty>
	struct is_literal_type _IS_LITERAL_TYPE(_Ty)
	{	// determine whether _Ty is a literal type
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS is_trivial
template<class _Ty>
	struct is_trivial _IS_TRIVIAL(_Ty)
	{	// determine whether _Ty is trivial
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS has_virtual_destructor
template<class _Ty>
	struct has_virtual_destructor
		_HAS_VIRTUAL_DESTRUCTOR(_Ty)
	{	// determine whether _Ty has a virtual destructor
	};

		// CONSTRUCTIBLE/ASSIGNABLE TRAITS
	// TEMPLATE CLASS is_constructible

 #if defined(_IS_CONSTRUCTIBLE)
template<class _Ty,
	class... _Args>
	struct is_constructible
		: _Cat_base<_IS_CONSTRUCTIBLE(_Ty, _Args...)>
	{	// determine whether _Ty(_Args...) is constructible
	};

 #else /* defined(_IS_CONSTRUCTIBLE) */
template<bool,
	class _Ty,
	class... _Args>
	struct _Is_constructible
		: false_type
	{	// not constructible if not object type
	};

template<class _Ty,
	class... _Args>
	struct _Is_constructible<true, _Ty, _Args...>
	{	// tests for valid constructor -- APPROXIMATION
 #if _HAS_DECLTYPE
	template<class _Uty>
		static auto _Fn(int)
			-> decltype(_Uty(_STD declval<_Args>()...), true_type());
	template<class _Uty>
		static auto _Fn(_Wrap_int)
			-> false_type;

	typedef decltype(_Fn<_Ty>(0)) type;

 #else /* _HAS_DECLTYPE */
	typedef false_type type;
 #endif /* _HAS_DECLTYPE */
	};

template<class _Ty,
	class... _Args>
	struct is_constructible
		: _Is_constructible<is_object<_Ty>::value
				&& (!is_scalar<_Ty>::value || sizeof...(_Args) <= 1),
			typename remove_all_extents<_Ty>::type,
			_Args...>::type
	{	// determine whether _Ty(_Args...) is constructible
	};
 #endif /* defined(_IS_CONSTRUCTIBLE) */

	// TEMPLATE CLASS is_copy_constructible
template<class _Ty>
	struct is_copy_constructible
		: _Cat_base<!is_array<_Ty>::value
			&& is_constructible<
				typename remove_volatile<
					typename remove_reference<_Ty>::type>::type,
				typename add_lvalue_reference<
				typename add_const<
				typename remove_volatile<_Ty>::type>::type>::type>::value>
	{	// determine whether _Ty has a copy constructor
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS is_default_constructible
template<class _Ty>
	struct is_default_constructible
		: is_constructible<_Ty>::type
	{	// determine whether _Ty has a default constructor
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS is_move_constructible
template<class _Ty>
	struct is_move_constructible
		: is_constructible<
			typename remove_reference<_Ty>::type,
			typename add_rvalue_reference<_Ty>::type
		>::type
	{	// determine whether _Ty has a move constructor
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS is_assignable
template<bool,
	class _To,
	class _From>
	struct _Is_assignable
		: false_type
	{	// invalid assign expression
	};

template<class _To,
	class _From>
	struct _Is_assignable<true, _To, _From>
	{	// tests for valid assign expression
 #if _HAS_DECLTYPE
	template<class _Uty>
		static auto _Fn(int)
			-> decltype((_STD declval<_Uty>() = _STD declval<_From>()),
				true_type());

	template<class _Uty>
		static auto _Fn(_Wrap_int)
			-> false_type;

	typedef decltype(_Fn<_To>(0)) type;

 #else /* _HAS_DECLTYPE */
	typedef typename remove_reference<_To>::type _Tox;
	typedef typename remove_reference<_From>::type _Fromx;
	typedef integral_constant<bool,	// APPROXIMATION
		(is_arithmetic<_Tox>::value == is_arithmetic<_Fromx>::value)
			&& !is_array<_Tox>::value
			&& !is_array<_Fromx>::value> type;	// APPROXIMATION
 #endif /* _HAS_DECLTYPE */
	};

template<class _To,
	class _From>
	struct is_assignable
		: _Is_assignable<
			is_object<typename remove_reference<_To>::type>::value
			&& !is_array<typename remove_reference<_To>::type>::value
			&& is_object<typename remove_reference<_From>::type>::value
			&& !is_array<typename remove_reference<_From>::type>::value,
			_To, _From>::type
//		_IS_ASSIGNABLE(_To, _From)
	{	// determine whether _From can be assigned to _To
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS is_copy_assignable
template<class _Ty>
	struct is_copy_assignable
		: is_assignable<typename add_lvalue_reference<
				typename remove_volatile<_Ty>::type>::type,
			typename add_lvalue_reference<
				typename add_const<
					typename remove_volatile<_Ty>::type>::type>::type>::type
	{	// determine whether _Ty has a copy assignment operator
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS is_move_assignable
template<class _Ty>
	struct is_move_assignable
		: is_assignable<typename add_lvalue_reference<
				typename remove_volatile<_Ty>::type>::type,
			typename add_rvalue_reference<
				typename remove_volatile<_Ty>::type>::type>::type
	{	// determine whether _Ty has a move assignment operator
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS is_destructible
template<class _Ty>
	struct _Is_destructible
		_IS_DESTRUCTIBLE(_Ty)
	{	// determine whether _Ty has a destructor
	};

template<>
	struct _Is_destructible<void>
		: false_type
	{	// void is not destructible
	};

template<class _Ty>
	struct is_destructible
		: _Is_destructible<typename remove_cv<_Ty>::type>
	{	// determine whether _Ty has a destructor
	};

		// TRIVIAL TRAITS
	// TEMPLATE CLASS is_trivially_constructible

 #if defined(_IS_TRIVIALLY_CONSTRUCTIBLE)
template<class _Ty,
	class... _Args>
	struct is_trivially_constructible
		: _Cat_base<_IS_TRIVIALLY_CONSTRUCTIBLE(_Ty, _Args...)>
	{	// determine whether _Ty(_Args...) is trivially constructible
	};

 #else /* defined(_IS_TRIVIALLY_CONSTRUCTIBLE) */
template<class _Ty,
	class... _Args>
	struct is_trivially_constructible
		: is_constructible<_Ty, _Args...>	// APPROXIMATION
//		_IS_TRIVIALLY_CONSTRUCTIBLE(_Ty, _Args...)
	{	// determine whether _Ty(_Args...) is trivially constructible
	};

template<class _Ty>
	struct is_trivially_constructible<_Ty, _Ty>
		_HAS_TRIVIAL_COPY(_Ty)
//		_IS_TRIVIALLY_CONSTRUCTIBLE(_Ty, _Ty)
	{	// determine whether _Ty(_Arg) is trivially copy constructible
	};

template<class _Ty>
	struct is_trivially_constructible<_Ty>
		_HAS_TRIVIAL_CONSTRUCTOR(_Ty)
//		_IS_TRIVIALLY_CONSTRUCTIBLE(_Ty)
	{	// determine whether _Ty(_Arg) is trivially default constructible
	};
 #endif /* defined(_IS_TRIVIALLY_CONSTRUCTIBLE) */

	// TEMPLATE CLASS is_trivially_copy_constructible
template<class _Ty>
	struct is_trivially_copy_constructible
		_HAS_TRIVIAL_COPY(_Ty)
	{	// determine whether _Ty has a trivial copy constructor
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS is_trivially_copyable
template<class _Ty>
	struct is_trivially_copyable
		: is_trivially_copy_constructible<_Ty>::type
	{	// determine whether _Ty is trivially copyable
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS is_trivially_default_constructible
template<class _Ty>
	struct is_trivially_default_constructible
		: is_trivially_constructible<_Ty>::type
	{	// determine whether _Ty has a trivial default constructor
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS is_trivially_move_constructible
template<class _Ty>
	struct is_trivially_move_constructible
		_HAS_TRIVIAL_MOVE_CONSTRUCTOR(_Ty)
	{	// determine whether _Ty has a trivial move constructor
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS is_trivially_assignable
template<class _To,
	class _From>
	struct is_trivially_assignable
		: is_assignable<_To, _From>::type	// APPROXIMATION
	{	// determine whether _From can be assigned to _To, trivially
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS is_trivially_copy_assignable
template<class _Ty>
	struct is_trivially_copy_assignable
		_HAS_TRIVIAL_ASSIGN(_Ty)
	{	// determine whether _Ty has a trivial copy assignment operator
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS is_trivially_move_assignable
template<class _Ty>
	struct is_trivially_move_assignable
		_HAS_TRIVIAL_MOVE_ASSIGN(_Ty)
	{	// determine whether _Ty has a trivial move assignment operator
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS is_trivially_destructible
template<class _Ty>
	struct is_trivially_destructible
		_HAS_TRIVIAL_DESTRUCTOR(_Ty)
	{	// determine whether _Ty has a trivial destructor
	};

		// NOTHROW TRAITS
	// TEMPLATE CLASS is_nothrow_constructible

 #if defined(_IS_NOTHROW_CONSTRUCTIBLE)
template<class _Ty,
	class... _Args>
	struct is_nothrow_constructible
		: _Cat_base<_IS_NOTHROW_CONSTRUCTIBLE(_Ty, _Args...)>
	{	// determine whether _Ty(_Args...) is nothrow constructible
	};

 #else /* defined(_IS_NOTHROW_CONSTRUCTIBLE) */
template<class _Ty,
	class... _Args>
	struct is_nothrow_constructible
		: is_constructible<_Ty, _Args...>	// APPROXIMATION
//		_IS_NOTHROW_CONSTRUCTIBLE(_Ty, _Args...)
	{	// determine whether _Ty(_Args...) is nothrow constructible
	};

template<class _Ty>
	struct is_nothrow_constructible<_Ty, _Ty>
		_HAS_NOTHROW_COPY(_Ty)
//		_IS_NOTHROW_CONSTRUCTIBLE(_Ty, _Ty)
	{	// determine whether _Ty(_Arg) is nothrow copy constructible
	};

template<class _Ty>
	struct is_nothrow_constructible<_Ty>
		_HAS_NOTHROW_CONSTRUCTOR(_Ty)
//		_IS_NOTHROW_CONSTRUCTIBLE(_Ty)
	{	// determine whether _Ty(_Arg) is nothrow default constructible
	};
 #endif /* defined(_IS_NOTHROW_CONSTRUCTIBLE) */

	// TEMPLATE CLASS is_nothrow_copy_constructible
template<class _Ty>
	struct is_nothrow_copy_constructible
		: _Cat_base<!is_array<_Ty>::value
			&& is_nothrow_constructible<
				typename remove_volatile<_Ty>::type,
				typename add_lvalue_reference<
				typename add_const<
					typename remove_volatile<_Ty>::type>::type>::type>::value>
	{	// determine whether _Ty has a nothrow copy constructor
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS is_nothrow_default_constructible
template<class _Ty>
	struct is_nothrow_default_constructible
		: is_nothrow_constructible<_Ty>::type
	{	// determine whether _Ty has a nothrow default constructor
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS is_nothrow_move_constructible
template<class _Ty>
	struct is_nothrow_move_constructible
		: _Cat_base<!is_array<_Ty>::value
			&& is_nothrow_constructible<
				typename remove_volatile<_Ty>::type,
				typename add_rvalue_reference<
				typename remove_volatile<_Ty>::type>::type>::value>
	{	// determine whether _Ty has a nothrow move constructor
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS is_nothrow_assignable
template<class _To,
	class _From>
	struct is_nothrow_assignable
		_HAS_NOTHROW_ASSIGN(_To)	// APPROXIMATION
	{	// determine whether _From can be assigned to _To, nothrow
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS is_nothrow_copy_assignable
template<class _Ty>
	struct is_nothrow_copy_assignable
		_HAS_NOTHROW_ASSIGN(_Ty)
	{	// determine whether _Ty has a nothrow copy assignment operator
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS is_nothrow_move_assignable
template<class _Ty>
	struct is_nothrow_move_assignable
		_HAS_NOTHROW_MOVE_ASSIGN(_Ty)
	{	// determine whether _Ty has a nothrow move assignment operator
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS is_nothrow_destructible
template<class _Ty>
	struct _Is_nothrow_destructible
		: true_type	// APPROXIMATION
	{	// determine whether _Ty has a nothrow destructor
	};

template<>
	struct _Is_nothrow_destructible<void>
		: false_type
	{	// void is not destructible
	};

template<class _Ty>
	struct is_nothrow_destructible
		: _Is_nothrow_destructible<typename remove_cv<_Ty>::type>
	{	// determine whether _Ty has a nothrow destructor
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS add_reference -- retained
template<class _Ty>
	struct add_reference
	{	// add reference
	typedef typename remove_reference<_Ty>::type& type;
	};

#define _ADD_REFERENCE_VOID(CV_OPT) \
template<> \
	struct add_reference<CV_OPT void> \
	{	/* add reference */ \
	typedef CV_OPT void type; \
	};

_CLASS_DEFINE_CV(_ADD_REFERENCE_VOID)
#undef _ADD_REFERENCE_VOID

	// TEMPLATE CLASS has_copy_constructor -- retained
template<class _Ty>
	struct has_copy_constructor
		: is_copy_constructible<_Ty>::type
	{	// determine whether _Ty has a copy constructor
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS has_default_constructor -- retained
template<class _Ty>
	struct has_default_constructor
		: is_default_constructible<_Ty>::type
	{	// determine whether _Ty has a default constructor
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS has_move_constructor -- retained
template<class _Ty>
	struct has_move_constructor
		: is_move_constructible<_Ty>::type
	{	// determine whether _Ty has a move constructor
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS has_copy_assign -- retained
template<class _Ty>
	struct has_copy_assign
		: is_copy_assignable<_Ty>::type
	{	// determine whether _Ty has a copy assignment operator
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS has_move_assign -- retained
template<class _Ty>
	struct has_move_assign
		: is_move_assignable<_Ty>::type
	{	// determine whether _Ty has a move assignment operator
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS has_trivial_copy_constructor -- retained
template<class _Ty>
	struct has_trivial_copy_constructor
		: is_trivially_copy_constructible<_Ty>::type
	{	// determine whether _Ty has a trivial copy constructor
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS has_trivial_default_constructor -- retained
template<class _Ty>
	struct has_trivial_default_constructor
		: is_trivially_default_constructible<_Ty>::type
	{	// determine whether _Ty has a trivial constructor
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS has_trivial_move_constructor -- retained
template<class _Ty>
	struct has_trivial_move_constructor
		: is_trivially_move_constructible<_Ty>::type
	{	// determine whether _Ty has a trivial move constructor
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS has_trivial_copy_assign -- retained
template<class _Ty>
	struct has_trivial_copy_assign
		: is_trivially_copy_assignable<_Ty>::type
	{	// determine whether _Ty has a trivial copy assignment operator
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS has_trivial_move_assign -- retained
template<class _Ty>
	struct has_trivial_move_assign
		: is_trivially_move_assignable<_Ty>::type
	{	// determine whether _Ty has a trivial move assignment operator
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS has_nothrow_copy_constructor -- retained
template<class _Ty>
	struct has_nothrow_copy_constructor
		_HAS_NOTHROW_COPY(_Ty)
	{	// determine whether _Ty has a nothrow copy constructor
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS has_nothrow_default_constructor -- retained
template<class _Ty>
	struct has_nothrow_default_constructor
		: is_nothrow_default_constructible<_Ty>::type
	{	// determine whether _Ty has a nothrow default constructor
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS has_nothrow_move_constructor -- retained
template<class _Ty>
	struct has_nothrow_move_constructor
		: is_nothrow_move_constructible<_Ty>::type
	{	// determine whether _Ty has a nothrow move constructor
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS has_nothrow_copy_assign -- retained
template<class _Ty>
	struct has_nothrow_copy_assign
		: is_nothrow_copy_assignable<_Ty>::type
	{	// determine whether _Ty has a nothrow copy assignment operator
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS has_nothrow_move_assign -- retained
template<class _Ty>
	struct has_nothrow_move_assign
		: is_nothrow_move_assignable<_Ty>::type
	{	// determine whether _Ty has a nothrow move assignment operator
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS has_trivial_constructor -- retained
template<class _Ty>
	struct has_trivial_constructor
		_HAS_TRIVIAL_CONSTRUCTOR(_Ty)
	{	// determine whether _Ty has a trivial default constructor
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS has_trivial_copy -- retained
template<class _Ty>
	struct has_trivial_copy
		_HAS_TRIVIAL_COPY(_Ty)
	{	// determine whether _Ty has a trivial copy constructor
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS has_trivial_assign -- retained
template<class _Ty>
	struct has_trivial_assign
		_HAS_TRIVIAL_ASSIGN(_Ty)
	{	// determine whether _Ty has a trivial assignment operator
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS has_trivial_destructor -- retained
template<class _Ty>
	struct has_trivial_destructor
		_HAS_TRIVIAL_DESTRUCTOR(_Ty)
	{	// determine whether _Ty has a trivial destructor
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS has_nothrow_constructor -- retained
template<class _Ty>
	struct has_nothrow_constructor
		_HAS_NOTHROW_CONSTRUCTOR(_Ty)
	{	// determine whether _Ty has a nothrow default constructor
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS has_nothrow_copy -- retained
template<class _Ty>
	struct has_nothrow_copy
		_HAS_NOTHROW_COPY(_Ty)
	{	// determine whether _Ty has a nothrow copy constructor
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS has_nothrow_assign -- retained
template<class _Ty>
	struct has_nothrow_assign
		_HAS_NOTHROW_ASSIGN(_Ty)
	{	// determine whether _Ty has a nothrow assignment operator
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS is_signed
template<class _Ty,
	bool = is_integral<_Ty>::value>
	struct _Sign_base
	{	// determine whether integral _Ty is a signed or unsigned type
	typedef typename remove_cv<_Ty>::type _Uty;
	typedef _Cat_base<_Uty(-1) < _Uty(0)> _Signed;
	typedef _Cat_base<_Uty(0) < _Uty(-1)> _Unsigned;
	};

template<class _Ty>
	struct _Sign_base<_Ty, false>
	{	// floating-point _Ty is signed
		// non-arithmetic _Ty is neither signed nor unsigned
	typedef is_floating_point<_Ty> _Signed;
	typedef false_type _Unsigned;
	};

template<class _Ty>
	struct is_signed
		: _Sign_base<_Ty>::_Signed
	{	// determine whether _Ty is a signed type
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS is_unsigned
template<class _Ty>
	struct is_unsigned
		: _Sign_base<_Ty>::_Unsigned
	{	// determine whether _Ty is an unsigned type
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS _Change_sign
template<class _Ty>
	struct _Change_sign
	{	// signed/unsigned partners to _Ty
	_Change_sign()
		{	// check asserts
	_STATIC_ASSERT2(
		((is_integral<_Ty>::value || is_enum<_Ty>::value)
			&& !is_same<_Ty, bool>::value),
		"make_signed<T>/make_unsigned<T> require that T shall be a (possibly "
		"cv-qualified) integral type or enumeration but not a bool type.");
		}

	typedef
		typename _If<is_same<_Ty, signed char>::value
			|| is_same<_Ty, unsigned char     >::value, signed char,
		typename _If<is_same<_Ty, short       >::value
			|| is_same<_Ty, unsigned short    >::value, short,
		typename _If<is_same<_Ty, int         >::value
			|| is_same<_Ty, unsigned int      >::value, int,
		typename _If<is_same<_Ty, long        >::value
			|| is_same<_Ty, unsigned long     >::value, long,
		typename _If<is_same<_Ty, long long   >::value
			|| is_same<_Ty, unsigned long long>::value, long long,
		typename _If<sizeof (_Ty) == sizeof (signed char), signed char,
		typename _If<sizeof (_Ty) == sizeof (short      ), short,
		typename _If<sizeof (_Ty) == sizeof (int        ), int,
		typename _If<sizeof (_Ty) == sizeof (long       ), long,
			long long
		>::type>::type>::type>::type>::type>::type>::type>::type>::type
			_Signed;

	typedef
		typename _If<is_same<_Signed, signed char>::value, unsigned char,
		typename _If<is_same<_Signed, short      >::value, unsigned short,
		typename _If<is_same<_Signed, int        >::value, unsigned int,
		typename _If<is_same<_Signed, long       >::value, unsigned long,
			unsigned long long
		>::type>::type>::type>::type
			_Unsigned;
	};

template<class _Ty>
	struct _Change_sign<const _Ty>
	{	// signed/unsigned partners to _Ty
	typedef const typename _Change_sign<_Ty>::_Signed _Signed;
	typedef const typename _Change_sign<_Ty>::_Unsigned _Unsigned;
	};

template<class _Ty>
	struct _Change_sign<volatile _Ty>
	{	// signed/unsigned partners to _Ty
	typedef volatile typename _Change_sign<_Ty>::_Signed _Signed;
	typedef volatile typename _Change_sign<_Ty>::_Unsigned _Unsigned;
	};

template<class _Ty>
	struct _Change_sign<const volatile _Ty>
	{	// signed/unsigned partners to _Ty
	typedef const volatile typename _Change_sign<_Ty>::_Signed _Signed;
	typedef const volatile typename _Change_sign<_Ty>::_Unsigned _Unsigned;
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS make_signed
template<class _Ty>
	struct make_signed
	{	// signed partner to _Ty
	typedef typename _Change_sign<_Ty>::_Signed type;
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS make_unsigned
template<class _Ty>
	struct make_unsigned
	{	// unsigned partner to _Ty
	typedef typename _Change_sign<_Ty>::_Unsigned type;
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS alignment_of

 #if _HAS_ALIGNOF
template<class _Ty>
	struct alignment_of
		: integral_constant<size_t, alignof(_Ty)>
	{	// determine alignment of _Ty
	};

 #else /* _HAS_ALIGNOF */
 #ifndef _ALIGN_OF
template<class _Ty>
	struct _Get_align
	{	// struct used to determine alignment of _Ty
	_Ty _Elt0;
	char _Elt1;
	_Ty _Elt2;

	_Get_align();	// to quiet diagnostics
	~_Get_align() _NOEXCEPT;	// to quiet diagnostics
	};

#define _ALIGN_OF(_Ty) (sizeof (_Get_align<_Ty>) - 2 * sizeof (_Ty))
 #endif /* _ALIGN_OF */

template<class _Ty>
	struct alignment_of
		: integral_constant<size_t, _ALIGN_OF(_Ty)>
	{	// determine alignment of _Ty
	};
 #endif /* _HAS_ALIGNOF */

	// TEMPLATE CLASS aligned_storage
#define _FITS(_Ty)	_Align <= alignment_of<_Ty>::value
#define _NEXT_ALIGN(_Ty)	\
	typedef typename _Aligned<_Len, _Align, _Ty, _FITS(_Ty)>::type type

template<class _Ty,
	size_t _Len>
	union _Align_type
	{	// union with size _Len bytes and alignment of _Ty
	_Ty _Val;
	char _Pad[_Len];
	};

template<size_t _Len,
	size_t _Align,
	class _Ty,
	bool _Ok>
	struct _Aligned;

template<size_t _Len,
	size_t _Align,
	class _Ty>
	struct _Aligned<_Len, _Align, _Ty, true>
	{	// define type with size _Len and alignment _Ty
	typedef _Align_type<_Ty, _Len> type;
	};

template<size_t _Len,
	size_t _Align>
	struct _Aligned<_Len, _Align, double, false>
	{	// define type with size _Len and alignment _Ty
	typedef _Align_type<max_align_t, _Len> type;
	};

template<size_t _Len,
	size_t _Align>
	struct _Aligned<_Len, _Align, int, false>
	{	// define type with size _Len and alignment _Ty
	_NEXT_ALIGN(double);
	};

template<size_t _Len,
	size_t _Align>
	struct _Aligned<_Len, _Align, short, false>
	{	// define type with size _Len and alignment _Ty
	_NEXT_ALIGN(int);
	};

template<size_t _Len,
	size_t _Align>
	struct _Aligned<_Len, _Align, char, false>
	{	// define type with size _Len and alignment _Ty
	_NEXT_ALIGN(short);
	};

template<size_t _Len,
	size_t _Align = alignment_of<max_align_t>::value>
	struct aligned_storage
	{	// define type with size _Len and alignment _Align
	typedef typename _Aligned<_Len, _Align, char, _FITS(char)>::type type;
	};

#undef _FITS
#undef _NEXT_ALIGN

 #if _HAS_CPP0X || 1	/* useful with C++03 */
	// TEMPLATE CLASS aligned_union
template<size_t... _Vals>
	struct _Maximum;

template<>
	struct _Maximum<>
	{	// maximum of nothing is 0
	static const size_t value = 0;
	};

template<size_t _Val>
	struct _Maximum<_Val>
	{	// maximum of _Val is _Val
	static const size_t value = _Val;
	};

template<size_t _First,
	size_t _Second,
	size_t... _Rest>
	struct _Maximum<_First, _Second, _Rest...>
		: _Maximum<(_First < _Second ? _Second : _First), _Rest...>
	{	// find maximum value in _First, _Second, _Rest...
	};

template<size_t _Len,
	class... _Types>
	struct aligned_union
	{	// define type with size at least _Len, for storing anything in _Types
	static const size_t _Max_len = _Maximum<
		_Len, sizeof(_Types)...>::value;	// NOT sizeof...(_Types)
	static const size_t alignment_value = _Maximum<
		alignment_of<_Types>::value...>::value;
	typedef typename aligned_storage<_Max_len, alignment_value>::type type;
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS underlying_type
template<class _Ty>
	struct underlying_type
	{	// determine type underlying type for enum
	typedef _UNDERLYING_TYPE(_Ty) type;
	};
 #endif /* _HAS_CPP0X */

	// TEMPLATE CLASS rank
template<class _Ty>
	struct rank
		: integral_constant<size_t, 0>
	{	// determine number of dimensions of array _Ty
	};

template<class _Ty, size_t _Ix>
	struct rank<_Ty[_Ix]>
		: integral_constant<size_t, rank<_Ty>::value + 1>
	{	// determine number of dimensions of array _Ty
	};

template<class _Ty>
	struct rank<_Ty[]>
		: integral_constant<size_t, rank<_Ty>::value + 1>
	{	// determine number of dimensions of array _Ty
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS extent
template<class _Ty, unsigned int _Nx>
	struct _Extent
		: integral_constant<size_t, 0>
	{	// determine extent of dimension _Nx of array _Ty
	};

template<class _Ty, size_t _Ix>
	struct _Extent<_Ty[_Ix], 0>
		: integral_constant<size_t, _Ix>
	{	// determine extent of dimension _Nx of array _Ty
	};

template<class _Ty, unsigned int _Nx, size_t _Ix>
	struct _Extent<_Ty[_Ix], _Nx>
		: _Extent<_Ty, _Nx - 1>
	{	// determine extent of dimension _Nx of array _Ty
	};

template<class _Ty, unsigned int _Nx>
	struct _Extent<_Ty[], _Nx>
		: _Extent<_Ty, _Nx - 1>
	{	// determine extent of dimension _Nx of array _Ty
	};

template<class _Ty, unsigned int _Nx = 0>
	struct extent
		: _Extent<_Ty, _Nx>
	{	// determine extent of dimension _Nx of array _Ty
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS is_base_of
template<class _Base,
	class _Der>
	struct is_base_of _IS_BASE_OF(_Base, _Der)
	{	// determine whether _Base is a base of or the same as _Der
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS decay
template<class _Ty>
	struct decay
	{	// determines decayed version of _Ty
	typedef typename remove_reference<_Ty>::type _Ty1;

	typedef typename _If<is_array<_Ty1>::value,
		typename remove_extent<_Ty1>::type *,
		typename _If<is_function<_Ty1>::value,
			typename add_pointer<_Ty1>::type,
			typename remove_cv<_Ty1>::type>::type>::type type;
	};

 #if _HAS_TR1_IMPORTS
namespace tr1 {	// TR1 additions
using _STD add_const;
using _STD add_cv;
using _STD add_pointer;
using _STD add_volatile;
using _STD aligned_storage;
using _STD alignment_of;
using _STD conditional;
using _STD decay;
using _STD enable_if;
using _STD extent;
using _STD false_type;
using _STD has_virtual_destructor;
using _STD integral_constant;
using _STD is_abstract;
using _STD is_arithmetic;
using _STD is_array;
using _STD is_base_of;
using _STD is_class;
using _STD is_compound;
using _STD is_const;
using _STD is_convertible;
using _STD is_empty;
using _STD is_enum;
using _STD is_floating_point;
using _STD is_function;
using _STD is_fundamental;
using _STD is_integral;
using _STD is_member_function_pointer;
using _STD is_member_object_pointer;
using _STD is_member_pointer;
using _STD is_object;
using _STD is_pod;
using _STD is_pointer;
using _STD is_polymorphic;
using _STD is_reference;
using _STD is_same;
using _STD is_scalar;
using _STD is_signed;
using _STD is_union;
using _STD is_unsigned;
using _STD is_void;
using _STD is_volatile;
using _STD make_signed;
using _STD make_unsigned;
using _STD rank;
using _STD remove_all_extents;
using _STD remove_const;
using _STD remove_cv;
using _STD remove_extent;
using _STD remove_pointer;
using _STD remove_reference;
using _STD remove_volatile;
using _STD true_type;

using _STD add_reference;	// retained
using _STD has_nothrow_assign;	// retained
using _STD has_nothrow_constructor;	// retained
using _STD has_nothrow_copy;	// retained
using _STD has_trivial_assign;	// retained
using _STD has_trivial_constructor;	// retained
using _STD has_trivial_copy;	// retained
using _STD has_trivial_destructor;	// retained
	}	// namespace tr1
 #endif /* _HAS_TR1_IMPORTS */

 #if _HAS_CPP0X
		// TEMPLATE STRUCT common_type
template<class... _Ty>
	struct common_type;

template<class _Ty>
	struct common_type<_Ty>
	{	// type is typename decay<_Ty>::type for one argument
	typedef typename decay<_Ty>::type type;
	};

template<class _Ty0,
	class _Ty1>
	struct common_type<_Ty0, _Ty1>
	{	// type is common type of _Ty0 and _Ty1 for two arguments
	typedef typename decay<
		decltype(_Always_false<_Ty0>::value
			? _STD declval<_Ty0>()
			: _STD declval<_Ty1>())
	>::type type;
	};

template<class _Ty0,
	class _Ty1,
	class... _Ty>
	struct common_type<_Ty0, _Ty1, _Ty...>
	{	// type is defined recursively for more than two arguments
	typedef typename common_type<
		typename common_type<_Ty0, _Ty1>::type, _Ty...
	>::type type;
	};
 #endif /* _HAS_CPP0X */

	// TEMPLATE STRUCT integer_sequence
template<class _Ty,
	_Ty... _Vals>
	struct integer_sequence
	{	// sequence of integer parameters
	_STATIC_ASSERT2(is_integral<_Ty>::value,
		"integer_sequence<T, I...> requires T to be an integral type.");

	typedef integer_sequence<_Ty, _Vals...> type;
	typedef _Ty value_type;

	static _CONST_FUN size_t size() _NOEXCEPT
		{	// get length of parameter list
		return (sizeof...(_Vals));
		}
	};

	// ALIAS TEMPLATE make_integer_sequence
template<bool _Negative,
	bool _Zero,
	class _Int_con,
	class _Int_seq>
	struct _Make_seq
	{	// explodes gracefully below 0
	_STATIC_ASSERT2(!_Negative,
		"make_integer_sequence<T, N> requires N to be non-negative.");
	};

template<class _Ty,
	_Ty... _Vals>
	struct _Make_seq<false, true,
		integral_constant<_Ty, 0>,
		integer_sequence<_Ty, _Vals...> >
		: integer_sequence<_Ty, _Vals...>
	{	// ends recursion at 0
	};

template<class _Ty,
	_Ty _Ix,
	_Ty... _Vals>
	struct _Make_seq<false, false,
		integral_constant<_Ty, _Ix>,
		integer_sequence<_Ty, _Vals...> >
		: _Make_seq<false, _Ix == 1,
			integral_constant<_Ty, _Ix - 1>,
			integer_sequence<_Ty, _Ix - 1, _Vals...> >
	{	// counts down to 0
	};

 #if _HAS_TEMPLATE_ALIAS
template<class _Ty,
	_Ty _Size>
	using make_integer_sequence = typename _Make_seq<_Size < 0, _Size == 0,
		integral_constant<_Ty, _Size>, integer_sequence<_Ty> >::type;

template<size_t... _Vals>
	using index_sequence = integer_sequence<size_t, _Vals...>;

template<size_t _Size>
	using make_index_sequence = make_integer_sequence<size_t, _Size>;

template<class... _Types>
	using index_sequence_for = make_index_sequence<sizeof...(_Types)>;

 #else /* _HAS_TEMPLATE_ALIAS */
template<class _Ty,
	_Ty _Size>
	struct make_integer_sequence
		: _Make_seq<_Size < 0, _Size == 0,
			integral_constant<_Ty, _Size>,
			integer_sequence<_Ty> >
	{	// {0, 1 ...} of type _Ty
	};

template<size_t... _Vals>
	struct index_sequence
		: integer_sequence<size_t, _Vals...>
	{	// {0, 1 ...} of type size_t
	};

template<size_t _Size>
	struct make_index_sequence
		: make_integer_sequence<size_t, _Size>
	{	// sequence of _Size size_t parameters
	};

template<class... _Ty>
	struct index_sequence_for
		: make_index_sequence<sizeof...(_Ty)>
	{	// sequence of sizeof...(_Ty) size_t parameters
	};
 #endif /* _HAS_TEMPLATE_ALIAS */

	// TEMPLATE CLASS identity
template<class _Ty>
	struct identity
	{	// map _Ty to type unchanged
	typedef _Ty type;

	const _Ty& operator()(const _Ty& _Left) const
		{	// apply identity operator to operand
		return (_Left);
		}
	};

	// TEMPLATE FUNCTION forward
template<class _Ty> inline
	_CONST_FUN _Ty&& forward(
		typename remove_reference<_Ty>::type& _Arg) _NOEXCEPT
	{	// forward an lvalue as either an lvalue or an rvalue
	return (static_cast<_Ty&&>(_Arg));
	}

template<class _Ty> inline
	_CONST_FUN _Ty&& forward(
		typename remove_reference<_Ty>::type&& _Arg) _NOEXCEPT
	{	// forward an rvalue as an rvalue
	_STATIC_ASSERT2(!is_lvalue_reference<_Ty>::value, "bad forward call");
	return (static_cast<_Ty&&>(_Arg));
	}

		// TEMPLATE FUNCTION move
template<class _Ty> inline
	_CONST_FUN typename remove_reference<_Ty>::type&&
		move(_Ty&& _Arg) _NOEXCEPT
	{	// forward _Arg as movable
	return (static_cast<typename remove_reference<_Ty>::type&&>(_Arg));
	}

		// TEMPLATE FUNCTION _Move
template<class _Ty> inline
	_CONST_FUN typename remove_reference<_Ty>::type&&
		_Move(_Ty&& _Arg) _NOEXCEPT
	{	// forward _Arg as movable
	return (static_cast<typename remove_reference<_Ty>::type&&>(_Arg));
	}

		// TEMPLATE FUNCTION move_if_noexcept
template<class _Ty> inline
	_CONST_FUN typename _If<!is_nothrow_move_constructible<_Ty>::value
		&& is_copy_constructible<_Ty>::value,
			const _Ty&, _Ty&&>::type
	move_if_noexcept(_Ty& _Arg) _NOEXCEPT
	{	// forward _Arg as movable, sometimes
	return (_STD move(_Arg));
	}

	// TEMPLATE FUNCTION _Decay_copy
template<class _Ty> inline
	typename decay<_Ty>::type _Decay_copy(_Ty _REFREF _Arg)
	{	// forward _Arg as value of decayed type
	return (_STD forward<_Ty>(_Arg));
	}

	// TEMPLATE STRUCT _Param_tester
template<class...>
	struct _Param_tester
	{	// test if parameters are valid
	typedef void type;
	};

	// ALIAS TEMPLATE void_t
template<class... _Types>	// TRANSITION, needs CWG 1558
	using void_t = typename _Param_tester<_Types...>::type;

	// TEMPLATE FUNCTION invoke
struct _Invoker_pmf_object
	{	// INVOKE a pointer to member function on an object
	template<class _Decayed,
		class _Ty1,
		class... _Types2>
		static auto _Call(_Decayed _Pmf, _Ty1&& _Arg1, _Types2&&... _Args2)
		-> decltype((_STD forward<_Ty1>(_Arg1).*_Pmf)(
			_STD forward<_Types2>(_Args2)...))
		{	// INVOKE a pointer to member function on an object
		return ((_STD forward<_Ty1>(_Arg1).*_Pmf)(
			_STD forward<_Types2>(_Args2)...));
		}
	};

struct _Invoker_pmf_pointer
	{	// INVOKE a pointer to member function on a [smart] pointer
	template<class _Decayed,
		class _Ty1,
		class... _Types2>
		static auto _Call(_Decayed _Pmf, _Ty1&& _Arg1, _Types2&&... _Args2)
		-> decltype(((*_STD forward<_Ty1>(_Arg1)).*_Pmf)(
			_STD forward<_Types2>(_Args2)...))
		{	// INVOKE a pointer to member function on a [smart] pointer
		return (((*_STD forward<_Ty1>(_Arg1)).*_Pmf)(
			_STD forward<_Types2>(_Args2)...));
		}
	};

struct _Invoker_pmd_object
	{	// INVOKE a pointer to member data on an object
	template<class _Decayed,
		class _Ty1>
		static auto _Call(_Decayed _Pmd, _Ty1&& _Arg1)
		-> decltype(_STD forward<_Ty1>(_Arg1).*_Pmd)
		{	// INVOKE a pointer to member data on an object
		return (_STD forward<_Ty1>(_Arg1).*_Pmd);
		}
	};

struct _Invoker_pmd_pointer
	{	// INVOKE a pointer to member data on a [smart] pointer
	template<class _Decayed,
		class _Ty1>
		static auto _Call(_Decayed _Pmd, _Ty1&& _Arg1)
		-> decltype((*_STD forward<_Ty1>(_Arg1)).*_Pmd)
		{	// INVOKE a pointer to member data on a [smart] pointer
		return ((*_STD forward<_Ty1>(_Arg1)).*_Pmd);
		}
	};

struct _Invoker_functor
	{	// INVOKE a function object
	template<class _Callable,
		class... _Types>
		static auto _Call(_Callable&& _Obj, _Types&&... _Args)
		-> decltype(_STD forward<_Callable>(_Obj)(
			_STD forward<_Types>(_Args)...))
		{	// INVOKE a function object
		return (_STD forward<_Callable>(_Obj)(
			_STD forward<_Types>(_Args)...));
		}
	};

template<class _Callable,
	class _Ty1,
	class _Decayed = typename decay<_Callable>::type,
	bool _Is_pmf = is_member_function_pointer<_Decayed>::value,
	bool _Is_pmd = is_member_object_pointer<_Decayed>::value>
	struct _Invoker1;

template<class _Callable,
	class _Ty1,
	class _Decayed>
	struct _Invoker1<_Callable, _Ty1, _Decayed, true, false>
		: _If<is_base_of<
			typename _Is_memfunptr<_Decayed>::_Class_type,
			typename decay<_Ty1>::type>::value,
		_Invoker_pmf_object,
		_Invoker_pmf_pointer>::type
	{	// pointer to member function
	};

template<class _Callable,
	class _Ty1,
	class _Decayed>
	struct _Invoker1<_Callable, _Ty1, _Decayed, false, true>
		: _If<is_base_of<
			typename _Is_member_object_pointer<_Decayed>::_Class_type,
			typename decay<_Ty1>::type>::value,
		_Invoker_pmd_object,
		_Invoker_pmd_pointer>::type
	{	// pointer to member data
	};

template<class _Callable,
	class _Ty1,
	class _Decayed>
	struct _Invoker1<_Callable, _Ty1, _Decayed, false, false>
		: _Invoker_functor
	{	// function object
	};

template<class _Callable,
	class... _Types>
	struct _Invoker;

template<class _Callable>
	struct _Invoker<_Callable>
		: _Invoker_functor
	{	// zero arguments
	};

template<class _Callable,
	class _Ty1,
	class... _Types2>
	struct _Invoker<_Callable, _Ty1, _Types2...>
		: _Invoker1<_Callable, _Ty1>
	{	// one or more arguments
	};

template<class _Callable,
	class... _Types> inline
	auto invoke(_Callable&& _Obj, _Types&&... _Args)
	-> decltype(_Invoker<_Callable, _Types...>::_Call(
		_STD forward<_Callable>(_Obj), _STD forward<_Types>(_Args)...))
	{	// INVOKE a callable object
	return (_Invoker<_Callable, _Types...>::_Call(
		_STD forward<_Callable>(_Obj), _STD forward<_Types>(_Args)...));
	}

template<class _Rx,
	bool = is_void<_Rx>::value>
	struct _Forced
	{	// tag to give INVOKE an explicit return type
	};

struct _Unforced
	{	// tag to distinguish bind() from bind<R>()
	};

template<class _Cv_void,
	class... _Valtys> inline
	void _Invoke_ret(_Forced<_Cv_void, true>, _Valtys&&... _Vals)
	{	// INVOKE, "implicitly" converted to void
	_STD invoke(_STD forward<_Valtys>(_Vals)...);
	}

template<class _Rx,
	class... _Valtys> inline
	_Rx _Invoke_ret(_Forced<_Rx, false>, _Valtys&&... _Vals)
	{	// INVOKE, implicitly converted to _Rx
	return (_STD invoke(_STD forward<_Valtys>(_Vals)...));
	}

template<class... _Valtys> inline
	auto _Invoke_ret(_Forced<_Unforced, false>, _Valtys&&... _Vals)
	-> decltype(_STD invoke(_STD forward<_Valtys>(_Vals)...))
	{	// INVOKE, unchanged
	return (_STD invoke(_STD forward<_Valtys>(_Vals)...));
	}

	// TEMPLATE CLASS result_of
template<class _Fty>
	struct result_of
	{	// explain usage
	static_assert(_Always_false<_Fty>::value,
		"result_of<CallableType> is invalid; use "
		"result_of<CallableType(zero or more argument types)> instead.");
	};

#define _RESULT_OF(CALL_OPT) \
template<class _Fty, \
	class... _Args> \
	struct result_of<_Fty CALL_OPT (_Args...)> \
	{	/* template to determine result of call operation */ \
	typedef decltype(_STD invoke(_STD declval<_Fty>(), \
		_STD declval<_Args>()...)) type; \
	};

_NON_MEMBER_CALL(_RESULT_OF)
#undef _RESULT_OF

	// TEMPLATE STRUCT _Weak_types
template<class _Ty,
	class = void>
	struct _Weak_result_type
	{	// default definition
	};

template<class _Ty>
	struct _Weak_result_type<_Ty, typename _Param_tester<
		typename _Ty::result_type>::type>
	{	// defined if _Ty::result_type exists
	typedef typename _Ty::result_type result_type;
	};

template<class _Ty,
	class = void>
	struct _Weak_argument_type
		: _Weak_result_type<_Ty>
	{	// default definition
	};

template<class _Ty>
	struct _Weak_argument_type<_Ty, typename _Param_tester<
		typename _Ty::argument_type>::type>
		: _Weak_result_type<_Ty>
	{	// defined if _Ty::argument_type exists
	typedef typename _Ty::argument_type argument_type;
	};

template<class _Ty,
	class = void>
	struct _Weak_binary_args
		: _Weak_argument_type<_Ty>
	{	// default definition
	};

template<class _Ty>
	struct _Weak_binary_args<_Ty, typename _Param_tester<
		typename _Ty::first_argument_type,
		typename _Ty::second_argument_type>::type>
		: _Weak_argument_type<_Ty>
	{	// defined if both types exist
	typedef typename _Ty::first_argument_type first_argument_type;
	typedef typename _Ty::second_argument_type second_argument_type;
	};

template<class _Ty>
	struct _Weak_types
	{	// provide nested types (sometimes)
	typedef _Is_function<typename remove_pointer<_Ty>::type> _Is_f_or_pf;
	typedef _Is_memfunptr<typename remove_cv<_Ty>::type> _Is_pmf;
	typedef typename _If<_Is_f_or_pf::_Bool_type::value, _Is_f_or_pf,
		typename _If<_Is_pmf::_Bool_type::value, _Is_pmf,
		_Weak_binary_args<_Ty> >::type>::type type;
	};

	// TEMPLATE CLASS reference_wrapper
template<class _Ty>
	class reference_wrapper
		: public _Weak_types<_Ty>::type
	{	// stand-in for an assignable reference
public:
	static_assert(is_object<_Ty>::value || is_function<_Ty>::value,
		"reference_wrapper<T> requires T to be an object type "
		"or a function type.");

	typedef _Ty type;

	reference_wrapper(_Ty& _Val) _NOEXCEPT
		: _Ptr(_STD addressof(_Val))
		{	// construct
		}

	operator _Ty&() const _NOEXCEPT
		{	// return reference
		return (*_Ptr);
		}

	_Ty& get() const _NOEXCEPT
		{	// return reference
		return (*_Ptr);
		}

	template<class... _Types>
		auto operator()(_Types&&... _Args) const
		-> decltype(_STD invoke(this->get(), _STD forward<_Types>(_Args)...))
		{	// invoke object/function
		return (_STD invoke(get(), _STD forward<_Types>(_Args)...));
		}

	reference_wrapper(_Ty&&) = delete;

private:
	_Ty *_Ptr;
	};

	// TEMPLATE FUNCTIONS ref AND cref
template<class _Ty> inline
	reference_wrapper<_Ty>
		ref(_Ty& _Val) _NOEXCEPT
	{	// create reference_wrapper<_Ty> object
	return (reference_wrapper<_Ty>(_Val));
	}

template<class _Ty>
	void ref(const _Ty&&) = delete;

template<class _Ty> inline
	reference_wrapper<_Ty>
		ref(reference_wrapper<_Ty> _Val) _NOEXCEPT
	{	// create reference_wrapper<_Ty> object
	return (_STD ref(_Val.get()));
	}

template<class _Ty> inline
	reference_wrapper<const _Ty>
		cref(const _Ty& _Val) _NOEXCEPT
	{	// create reference_wrapper<const _Ty> object
	return (reference_wrapper<const _Ty>(_Val));
	}

template<class _Ty>
	void cref(const _Ty&&) = delete;

template<class _Ty> inline
	reference_wrapper<const _Ty>
		cref(reference_wrapper<_Ty> _Val) _NOEXCEPT
	{	// create reference_wrapper<const _Ty> object
	return (_STD cref(_Val.get()));
	}

	// TEMPLATE CLASS _Unrefwrap
template<class _Ty>
	struct _Unrefwrap_helper
	{	// leave unchanged if not a reference_wrapper
	typedef _Ty type;
	static const bool _Is_refwrap = false;
	};

template<class _Ty>
	struct _Unrefwrap_helper<reference_wrapper<_Ty> >
	{	// make a reference from a reference_wrapper
	typedef _Ty& type;
	static const bool _Is_refwrap = true;
	};

template<class _Ty>
	struct _Unrefwrap
	{	// decay, then unwrap a reference_wrapper
	typedef typename decay<_Ty>::type _Ty1;
	typedef typename _Unrefwrap_helper<_Ty1>::type type;
	static const bool _Is_refwrap = _Unrefwrap_helper<_Ty1>::_Is_refwrap;
	};

 #if _HAS_TR1_IMPORTS
namespace tr1 {	// TR1 additions
using _STD cref;
using _STD ref;
using _STD reference_wrapper;
using _STD result_of;
	}	// namespace tr1
 #endif /* _HAS_TR1_IMPORTS */

 #if _HAS_TEMPLATE_ALIAS
		// ALIAS TEMPLATES
template<class _Ty>
	using remove_const_t = typename remove_const<_Ty>::type;

template<class _Ty>
	using remove_volatile_t = typename remove_volatile<_Ty>::type;

template<class _Ty>
	using remove_cv_t = typename remove_cv<_Ty>::type;

template<class _Ty>
	using add_const_t = typename add_const<_Ty>::type;

template<class _Ty>
	using add_volatile_t = typename add_volatile<_Ty>::type;

template<class _Ty>
	using add_cv_t = typename add_cv<_Ty>::type;

template<class _Ty>
	using remove_reference_t = typename remove_reference<_Ty>::type;

template<class _Ty>
	using add_lvalue_reference_t = typename add_lvalue_reference<_Ty>::type;

template<class _Ty>
	using add_rvalue_reference_t = typename add_rvalue_reference<_Ty>::type;

template<class _Ty>
	using make_signed_t = typename make_signed<_Ty>::type;

template<class _Ty>
	using make_unsigned_t = typename make_unsigned<_Ty>::type;

template<class _Ty>
	using remove_extent_t = typename remove_extent<_Ty>::type;

template<class _Ty>
	using remove_all_extents_t = typename remove_all_extents<_Ty>::type;

template<class _Ty>
	using remove_pointer_t = typename remove_pointer<_Ty>::type;

template<class _Ty>
	using add_pointer_t = typename add_pointer<_Ty>::type;

template<size_t _Len,
	size_t _Align = alignment_of<max_align_t>::value>
	using aligned_storage_t = typename aligned_storage<_Len, _Align>::type;

template<size_t _Len,
	class... _Types>
	using aligned_union_t = typename aligned_union<_Len, _Types...>::type;

template<class _Ty>
	using decay_t = typename decay<_Ty>::type;

template<bool _Test,
	class _Ty = void>
	using enable_if_t = typename enable_if<_Test, _Ty>::type;

template<bool _Test,
	class _Ty1,
	class _Ty2>
	using conditional_t = typename conditional<_Test, _Ty1, _Ty2>::type;

template<class... _Ty>
	using common_type_t = typename common_type<_Ty...>::type;

template<class _Ty>
	using underlying_type_t = typename underlying_type<_Ty>::type;

template<class _Ty>
	using result_of_t = typename result_of<_Ty>::type;
 #endif /* _HAS_TEMPLATE_ALIAS */
_STD_END
#endif /* _TYPE_TRAITS_ */

/*
 * Copyright (c) by P.J. Plauger. All rights reserved.
 * Consult your license regarding permissions and restrictions.
V6.50:1422 */
